Modelling Limit Order Book Volume Covariance Structures

Limit order volume data have been here analysed using key multivariate techniques: principal components, factor and discriminant analysis. The focus lies on understanding of the covariance structure of posted quantities of the asset to be potentially sold or bought at the market. Employing the methods to data of 20 blue chip companies traded at the NASDAQ stock market in June 2016, one observes that two principal components account for approximately 85–95% of order book variation. The most important factor related to order book data variation has furthermore been the demand side (variability). The order book data variation, moreover, successfully classifies stock price movements. Potential applications include improving order execution strategies, designing trading algorithms and understanding price formation

Modelling and forecasting liquidity supply using semiparametric factor dynamics

We model the dynamics of ask and bid curves in a limit order book market using a dynamic semiparametric factor model. The shape of the curves is captured by a factor structure which is estimated nonparametrically. Corresponding factor loadings are assumed to follow multivariate dynamics and are modelled using a vector autoregressive model. Applying the framework to four stocks traded at the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) in 2002, we show that the suggested model captures the spatial and temporal dependencies of the limit order book. Relating the shape of the curves to variables reflecting the current state of the market, we show that the recent liquidity demand has the strongest impact. In an extensive forecasting analysis we show that the model is successful in forecasting the liquidity supply over various time horizons during a trading day. Moreover, it is shown that the model’s forecasting power can be used to improve optimal order execution strategies

FRM Financial Risk Meter

A systemic risk measure is proposed accounting for links and mutual dependencies between financial institutions utilising tail event information. FRM (Financial Risk Meter) is based on Lasso quantile regression designed to capture tail event co-movements. The FRM focus lies on understanding active set data characteristics and the presentation of interdependencies in a network topology. Two FRM indices are presented, namely, FRM@Americas and FRM@Europe. The FRM indices detect systemic risk at selected areas and identifies risk factors. In practice, FRM is applied to the return time series of selected financial institutions and macroeconomic risk factors. We identify companies exhibiting extreme "co-stress", as well as "activators" of stress. With the SRM@EuroArea, we extend to the government bond asset class, and to credit default swaps with FRM@iTraxx. FRM is a good predictor for recession probabilities, constituting the FRM-implied recession probabilities. Thereby, FRM indicates tail event behaviour in a network of financial risk factors

FRM financial risk meter

A systemic risk measure is proposed accounting for links and mutual dependencies between financial institutions utilising tail event information. FRM (Financial Risk Meter) is based on Lasso quantile regression designed to capture tail event co-movements. The FRM focus lies on understanding active set data characteristics and the presentation of interdependencies in a network topology. Two FRM indices are presented, namely, FRM@Americas and FRM@Europe. The FRM indices detect systemic risk at selected areas and identifies risk factors. In practice, FRM is applied to the return time series of selected financial institutions and macroeconomic risk factors. We identify companies exhibiting extreme "co-stress", as well as "activators" of stress. With the SRM@EuroArea, we extend to the government bond asset class, and to credit default swaps with FRM@iTraxx. FRM is a good predictor for recession probabilities, constituting the FRM-implied recession probabilities. Thereby, FRM indicates tail event behaviour in a network of financial risk factors

Structural adaptive models in financial econometrics

Moderne statistische und ökonometrische Methoden behandeln erfolgreich stilisierte Fakten auf den Finanzmärkten. Die vorgestellten Techniken erstreben die Dynamik von Finanzmarktdaten genauer als traditionelle Ansätze zu verstehen. Wirtschaftliche und finanzielle Vorteile sind erzielbar. Die Ergebnisse werden hier in praktischen Beispielen ausgewertet, die sich vor allem auf die Prognose von Finanzmarktdaten fokussieren. Unsere Anwendungen umfassen: (i) die Modellierung und die Vorhersage des Liquiditätsangebotes, (ii) die Lokalisierung des ’Multiplicative Error Model’ und (iii) die Erbringung von Evidenz für den empirischen Zustandsfaktorparadox über Landern.Modern methods in statistics and econometrics successfully deal with stylized facts observed on financial markets. The presented techniques aim to understand the dynamics of financial market data more accurate than traditional approaches. Economic and financial benefits are achievable. The results are here evaluated in practical examples that mainly focus on forecasting of financial data. Our applications include: (i) modelling and forecasting of liquidity supply, (ii) localizing multiplicative error models and (iii) providing evidence for the empirical pricing kernel paradox across countries

TERES

A flexible framework for the analysis of tail events is proposed. The framework contains tail moment measures that allow for Expected Shortfall (ES) estimation. Connecting the implied tail thickness of a family of distributions with the quantile and expectile estimation, a platform for risk assessment is provided. ES and implications for tail events under different distributional scenarios are investigated, particularly we discuss the implications of increased tail risk for mixture distributions. Empirical results from the US, German and UK stock markets, as well as for the selected currencies indicate that ES can be successfully estimated on a daily basis using a one-year time horizon across different risk levels

Local Adaptive Multiplicative Error Models for High-Frequency Forecasts

We propose a local adaptive multiplicative error model (MEM) accommodating timevarying parameters. MEM parameters are adaptively estimated based on a sequential testing procedure. A data-driven optimal length of local windows is selected, yielding adaptive forecasts at each point in time. Analyzing one-minute cumulative trading volumes of five large NASDAQ stocks in 2008, we show that local windows of approximately 3 to 4 hours are reasonable to capture parameter variations while balancing modelling bias and estimation (in)efficiency. In forecasting, the proposed adaptive approach significantly outperforms a MEM where local estimation windows are fixed on an ad hoc basis

lCARE – localizing Conditional AutoRegressive Expectiles

We account for time-varying parameters in the conditional expectile based value at risk (EVaR) model. EVaR appears more sensitive to the magnitude of portfolio losses compared to the quantile-based Value at Risk (QVaR), nevertheless, by fitting the models over relatively long ad-hoc fixed time intervals, research ignores the potential time-varying parameter properties. Our work focuses on this issue by exploiting the local parametric approach in quantifying tail risk dynamics. By achieving a balance between parameter variability and modelling bias, one can safely fit a parametric expectile model over a stable interval of homogeneity. Empirical evidence at three stock markets from 2005- 2014 shows that the parameter homogeneity interval lengths account for approximately 1-6 months of daily observations. Our method outperforms models with one-year fixed intervals, as well as quantile based candidates while employing a time invariant portfolio protection (TIPP) strategy for the DAX portfolio. The tail risk measure implied by our model finally provides valuable insights for asset allocation and portfolio insurance

Academic Ranking Scales in Economics

Publications are a vital element of any scientist’s career. It is not only the number of media outlets but aslo the quality of published research that enters decisions on jobs, salary, tenure, etc. Academic ranking scales in economics and other disciplines are, therefore, widely used in classification, judgment and scientific depth of individual research. These ranking systems are competing, allow for different disciplinary gravity and sometimes give orthogonal results. Here a statistical analysis of the interconnection between Handelsblatt (HB), Research Papers in Economics (RePEc, here RP) and Google Scholar (GS) systems is presented. Quantile regression allows us to successfully predict missing ranking data and to obtain a so-called HB Common Score and to carry out a cross-rankings analysis. Based on the merged ranking data from different data providers, we discuss the ranking systems dependence, analyze the age effect and study the relationship between the research expertise areas and the ranking performance